{"id":1256,"date":"2011-05-17T14:19:25","date_gmt":"2011-05-17T14:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nethemba.com\/sk\/?p=1256"},"modified":"2016-01-29T11:49:05","modified_gmt":"2016-01-29T11:49:05","slug":"scitanie-obyvatelstva-alebo-ako-zvysit-svoje-sance-na-anonymitu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nethemba.com\/sk\/scitanie-obyvatelstva-alebo-ako-zvysit-svoje-sance-na-anonymitu\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva alebo ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 svoje \u0161ance na anonymitu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aktualizovan\u00e1 verzia, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje aj n\u00e1vrh toho ako by malo vyzera\u0165 bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie<\/a> ako je teraz.<\/p>\n

Dnes som si pre\u010d\u00edtal viacero \u010dl\u00e1nkov t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa toho ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013emi \u013eahko sta\u0165, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva nebude anonymn\u00e9 – (NE)Anonymita s\u010d\u00edtania \u013eudu 2011<\/a>, Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 praktiky \u0160tB – s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013eov, domov a bytov 2011<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lneho vyjadrenia ide o anonymn\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edtanie<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek na z\u00e1klade svojho mena a d\u00e1tumu narodenia dostane formul\u00e1r s unik\u00e1tnym identifika\u010dn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom, ktor\u00fd v pr\u00edpade elektronick\u00e9ho hlasovania pou\u017e\u00edva ako login<\/strong>, v pr\u00edpade papierov\u00e9ho hlasovanie sa tento identifika\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d lep\u00ed na samotn\u00fd s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed formul\u00e1r.<\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom k tomu, \u017ee \u010dlovek dostane ob\u00e1lku s dan\u00fdm identifika\u010dn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom na svoju adresu (ktor\u00fd mus\u00ed \u010falej pou\u017ei\u0165 minim\u00e1lne v pr\u00edpade elektronick\u00e9ho hlasovania ako svoj login), logicky nejde o anonymn\u00e9 hlasovanie – \u0161t\u00e1t dok\u00e1\u017ee prirodzene ka\u017ed\u00fd identifika\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d jednoducho sp\u00e1rova\u0165 s dan\u00fdm menom \u010dloveka a jeho presnou adresou (a udr\u017eiava\u0165 si vlastn\u00fa datab\u00e1zu v\u0161etk\u00fdch ob\u010danov vs. ich n\u00e1hodn\u00fd pridelen\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor). S\u00fa\u010dasne dok\u00e1\u017ee jednoducho sp\u00e1rova\u0165 v\u0161etky Va\u0161e \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 uvediete v samotnom s\u010d\u00edtacom formul\u00e1ri s Va\u0161ou konkr\u00e9tnou osobou. Tomu, \u017ee to \u0161t\u00e1t nerob\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete alebo nemus\u00edte veri\u0165 (minim\u00e1lne tak\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 m\u00e1).<\/p>\n

Nako\u013eko \u0161t\u00e1tu ide o agregovan\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky (nie o konkr\u00e9tne \u00fadaje konkr\u00e9tneho ob\u010dana),<\/strong> pop\u00ed\u0161em jednoduch\u00fd sp\u00f4sob ako dosiahnu\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 anonymity a znemo\u017eni\u0165 pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 ne\u017eelan\u00e9 korel\u00e1cie medzi Va\u0161ou osobu a t\u00fdm, \u010do ste do s\u010d\u00edtacieho formul\u00e1ru uviedli:<\/p>\n

1. Vytvor\u00ed sa ve\u013ek\u00e1 datab\u00e1za v\u0161etk\u00fdch jedine\u010dn\u00fdch identifik\u00e1torov (ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako login pri registr\u00e1ci pri elektronickom s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed) – samozrejme uveden\u00e1 datab\u00e1za bude mimo kontrolu \u0161t\u00e1tu (napr\u00edklad bude v spr\u00e1ve nejakej transparentnej d\u00f4veryhodnej organiz\u00e1cie). Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto sa bude chcie\u0165 z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 elektronick\u00e9ho s\u010d\u00edtania, len do nej prispeje svojim pridelen\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torom a takto sa samotn\u00e1 datab\u00e1za napln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

2. Webov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia potom ka\u017ed\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi len pridel\u00ed platn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor nejak\u00e9ho n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd svoj identifik\u00e1tor do datab\u00e1zy pridal a ozna\u010d\u00ed si, \u017ee dan\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor bol u\u017e pou\u017eit\u00fd (a u\u017e ho pridelova\u0165 nebude, aby nenast\u00e1vali duplicity). V r\u00e1mci paranoie je mo\u017en\u00e9 k uvedenej aplik\u00e1cii pristupova\u0165 anonymne (napr\u00edklad cez TOR).<\/p>\n

Slovensky povedan\u00e9 – aplik\u00e1cia dan\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory os\u00f4b len n\u00e1hodne premie\u0161a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010co sa t\u00fdka technick\u00fdch detailov, tak by to mohlo fungova\u0165 napr\u00edklad takto:<\/p>\n

1. Do nejak\u00e9ho d\u00e1tumu\/\u010dasu (napr\u00edklad de\u0148 pred ofici\u00e1lnym s\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm) sa bude len plni\u0165 datab\u00e1za. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bude m\u00f4c\u0165 zada\u0165 svoj identifik\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd ofici\u00e1lne obdr\u017eal po\u0161tou.<\/p>\n

2. Od tohto d\u00e1tumu\/\u010dasu bude mo\u017ene dodato\u010dn\u00e9 plnenie datab\u00e1zy ako u\u017e aj pride\u013eovanie n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho identifik\u00e1tora ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto zadal do syst\u00e9mu svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd pridelen\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor. Pri\u010dom pride\u013eovanie n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho identifik\u00e1tora bude fungova\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e zad\u00e1 svoj p\u00f4vodn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd zadal v kroku \u010d.1 (t\u00fdm sa vlastne autentifikuje) a na opl\u00e1tku mu aplik\u00e1cia automaticky pridel\u00ed platn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor n\u00e1hodne vybran\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. S\u00fa\u010dasne si aplik\u00e1cia zazna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee dan\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor bol u\u017e pou\u017eit\u00fd (a \u010falej ho nepride\u013euje) ako aj s\u00fa\u010dasne znemo\u017en\u00ed opakovan\u00e9 prihl\u00e1senie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea pou\u017eit\u00edm svojho p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho identifik\u00e1tora (nako\u013eko mu k nemu u\u017e bol pridelen\u00fd pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd n\u00e1hodny identifik\u00e1tor).<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, \u017ee syst\u00e9m nie je nijako chr\u00e1nen\u00fd vo\u010di viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e9mu vkladaniu neplatn\u00fdch identifik\u00e1torov<\/strong> – v\u010faka nim bude m\u00f4c\u0165 ktoko\u013evek z\u00edska\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie platn\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

Toto je ale riziko, ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia tohto „anonymn\u00e9ho“ syst\u00e9mu jednoducho musia akceptova\u0165. Nejde o Internet banking, ani ni\u010d kritick\u00e9, tak mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed s t\u00fdm nebude ma\u0165 probl\u00e9m.
\nNesporn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody tohto syst\u00e9mu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Nako\u013eko pri s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed pou\u017eijete identifik\u00e1tor n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho \u010dloveka (napr\u00edklad Jo\u017eka Mrkvi\u010dku z Hornej dolnej) a naopak V\u00e1\u0161 identifik\u00e1tor pou\u017eije niekto \u00faplne in\u00fd o kom neviete, tak \u00faplne znemo\u017en\u00edte pofid\u00e9rne (aj ked st\u00e1le nepotvrden\u00e9) korel\u00e1cie ohrozuj\u00face s\u00fakromie ob\u010danov.<\/p>\n

2. Nako\u013eko ka\u017ed\u00fd vypln\u00ed adekv\u00e1tne \u00fadaje potrebn\u00e9 pri s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed (len pod in\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torom), celkov\u00e9 agregovan\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky by sa nijako nemali zmeni\u0165<\/strong> (a s\u00fa\u010dasne hlasovanie bude podstatne viac<\/strong> anonymn\u00e9<\/strong>). Je mo\u017en\u00e9 protiargumentova\u0165, \u017ee \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa hlasova\u0165 pod in\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torom ako svojim, tak bud\u00fa viac inklinovat k poskytovaniu nespr\u00e1vnych \u00fadajov – toto je v princ\u00edpe mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u017e aj teraz (v pr\u00edpade mno\u017estva vyp\u013a\u0148an\u00fdch \u00fadajov), ke\u010f si s nik\u00fdm svoj identifik\u00e1tor nevymen\u00edte (in\u00fdmi slovami – ak chce niekto mari\u0165 s\u010d\u00edtanie, tak ho bude mari\u0165 u\u017e aj teraz).<\/p>\n

3. \u0160tatistici prehlasuj\u00fa, \u017ee ide o anonymn\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edtanie<\/a>, citujem zo str\u00e1nky \u0160tatistick\u00e9ho \u00daradu S\u010d\u00edtanie po prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t aj elektronicky<\/a>:<\/p>\n

S\u010d\u00edta\u0165 sa elektronicky umo\u017en\u00ed tzv. identifik\u00e1tor<\/strong>. P\u00f4jde o bezv\u00fdznamov\u00e9, n\u00e1hodne vygenerovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 ka\u017edej osobe doru\u010d\u00ed s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed komis\u00e1r spolu s overovac\u00edm heslom.<\/em><\/p>\n

Logicky predpoklad\u00e1m, \u017ee bezv\u00fdznamov\u00e9, n\u00e1hodne vygenerovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla <\/strong>si m\u00f4\u017eem s k\u00fdmko\u013evek vymeni\u0165 a \u0161t\u00e1tu by uveden\u00e1 v\u00fdmena nemala nijako vadi\u0165 (a ak mu bude vadi\u0165, tak niekde je probl\u00e9m, napr\u00edklad v tom, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1t zbiera osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o \u013eudoch, ktor\u00ed sa z\u00fa\u010dastnia dan\u00e9ho hlasovania).<\/p>\n

4. Elektronick\u00e9 hlasovanie po n\u00e1hodnom\u00a0 zmie\u0161an\u00ed identifik\u00e1torov bude norm\u00e1lne v\u0161etk\u00fdm fungova\u0165, nako\u013eko budete uv\u00e1dza\u0165 v\u017edy validn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor<\/strong> (nie s\u00edce svoj, ale n\u00e1hodne vybranej osoby).<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, \u017ee v tomto syst\u00e9me je ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov<\/strong> – \u010do ak niekto bude do datab\u00e1zy zad\u00e1va\u0165 nevalidn\u00e9 identifik\u00e1tory, pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ich viackr\u00e1t at\u010f.<\/p>\n

\u00daplne uzn\u00e1vam, \u017ee je tam mno\u017estvo potencialn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, takmer v\u0161etky sa daj\u00fa odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 t\u00fdm ak cel\u00e1 v\u00fdmena vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch identifik\u00e1torov bude v r\u00e1mci nejakej komunity, ktor\u00e1 si navz\u00e1jom ver\u00ed<\/strong> a nebude podv\u00e1dza\u0165 (kamar\u00e1ti, firma apod), aj ked to samozrejme ist\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom bude na \u00fakor anonymity (ale ur\u010dite to bude lep\u0161ie ako je to teraz).<\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom k tomu, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade s\u010d\u00edtania nejde o \u017eivot<\/strong> a anonymita pri s\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed je pre mno\u017estvo \u013eud\u00ed d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia ako spo\u013eahliv\u00e9, za to ale neanonymn\u00e9 hlasovanie<\/strong>, mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed bude preferova\u0165 popisovan\u00fd anonymn\u00fd syst\u00e9m n\u00e1hodnej v\u00fdmeny identifik\u00e1torov aj so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi jeho pr\u00edpadn\u00fdmi rizikami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Anonymn\u00e9 agregovan\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky s\u00fa obzvl\u00e1s\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, ak \u0161tatistick\u00fd \u00farad chce uveden\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie pred\u00e1va\u0165 tret\u00edm stran\u00e1m<\/strong>, \u010do moment\u00e1lne m\u00f4\u017ee, citujem:<\/p>\n

\u00a7 31<\/em><\/p>\n

Poskytovanie \u0161tatistick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n

…<\/em><\/p>\n

(3) Okrem pr\u00edpadov uveden\u00fdch v odseku 1 a 2 je \u00farad opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd poskytova\u0165 \u0161tatistick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u0161tatistick\u00fdm zis\u0165ovan\u00edm za cenu dohodnut\u00fa v s\u00falade s cenov\u00fdmi predpismi, a to ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto o ne po\u017eiada.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bohu\u017eia\u013e s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m nie je navrhnut\u00fd tak<\/strong>, aby poskytoval zaru\u010dene anonymn\u00e9 agregovan\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky.<\/p>\n

<\/a>N\u00e1vrh bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ej verzie s\u010d\u00edtania:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160tatistick\u00fd \u00farad argumentuje, \u017ee potrebuj\u00fa unik\u00e1tny identifik\u00e1tor pr\u00e1ve na to, aby znemo\u017enili duplicitn\u00e9 hlasovanie t\u00fdm ist\u00fdm \u010dlovekom, \u010do je pochopite\u013en\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne v pr\u00edpade elektronick\u00e9ho s\u010d\u00edtania.<\/p>\n

Ak by tie h\u00e1rky distribuovali nasleduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom, tak je to pod\u013ea m\u0148a ur\u010dite bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie<\/strong> ako je to teraz:<\/p>\n

1. Ob\u010dan si m\u00f4\u017ee vyzdvihn\u00fa\u0165 s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed h\u00e1rok na \u013eubovo\u013enom pridelenom mieste (napr\u00edklad na miestnom, \u010di obecnom \u00farade v \u013eubovo\u013enom slovenskom meste). Ak si nem\u00f4\u017ee, tak po\u017eiada o to s\u010d\u00edtacieho komis\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

2. Ob\u010dan sa preuk\u00e1\u017ee svojim ob\u010dianskym preukazom alebo pasom, doty\u010dn\u00fd \u00farad (alebo komis\u00e1r) si len zazna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee dan\u00fd \u010dlovek si u\u017e vyzdvihol s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed h\u00e1rok (a teda vie, \u017ee mu ho u\u017e nem\u00f4\u017ee vyda\u0165 druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t). Na toto overenie si sta\u010d\u00ed zazna\u010di\u0165 len hash tohto \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n

3. Ob\u010dan obdr\u017e\u00ed od \u00faradu kompletne zape\u010daten\u00fa neotvoren\u00fa ob\u00e1lku s unik\u00e1tnym identifik\u00e1torom. \u00darad nem\u00e1 ako tento identifik\u00e1tor odhali\u0165, nako\u013eko je ulo\u017een\u00fd v zape\u010datenej ob\u00e1lke (ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa distribuovan\u00e9 na jednotliv\u00e9 \u00farady). Nedok\u00e1\u017ee teda nijako zasociova\u0165 hodnotu tohto identifikt\u00e1ora s \u010dlovekom, ktor\u00fd si dan\u00fd s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed h\u00e1rok pr\u00e1ve vyzdvihol.
\nSamozrejme podmienka mus\u00ed by\u0165, aby v\u0161etky \u00farady \/ komis\u00e1ri boli online a okam\u017eite zdie\u013eali inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u017ee niekomu u\u017e bol vydan\u00fd dan\u00fd harok alebo nie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aktualizovan\u00e1 verzia, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje aj n\u00e1vrh toho ako by malo vyzera\u0165 bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie ako je teraz. Dnes som si pre\u010d\u00edtal viacero \u010dl\u00e1nkov t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa toho ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013emi \u013eahko sta\u0165, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva nebude anonymn\u00e9 – (NE)Anonymita s\u010d\u00edtania \u013eudu 2011, Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 praktiky \u0160tB – s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013eov, domov a bytov 2011. Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lneho vyjadrenia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[642,641],"class_list":["post-1256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized-sk","tag-anonymita","tag-scitanie-2011"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva alebo ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 svoje \u0161ance na anonymitu - Nethemba<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nethemba.com\/sk\/scitanie-obyvatelstva-alebo-ako-zvysit-svoje-sance-na-anonymitu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva alebo ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 svoje \u0161ance na anonymitu - Nethemba\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aktualizovan\u00e1 verzia, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje aj n\u00e1vrh toho ako by malo vyzera\u0165 bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie ako je teraz. Dnes som si pre\u010d\u00edtal viacero \u010dl\u00e1nkov t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa toho ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee ve\u013emi \u013eahko sta\u0165, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161ie s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013estva nebude anonymn\u00e9 – (NE)Anonymita s\u010d\u00edtania \u013eudu 2011, Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 praktiky \u0160tB – s\u010d\u00edtanie obyvate\u013eov, domov a bytov 2011. 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